XPath selectors can be used to select elements in HTML or XML. They are mostly used in parsing any API data or scraping a web page. Here’s a list of most used XPath selectors.
All of the following examples use this sample XML code. Credits to Freeformatter.com for putting it all together.
<root xmlns:foo="http://www.foo.org/" xmlns:bar="http://www.bar.org"> <actors> <actor id="1">Christian Bale</actor> <actor id="2">Liam Neeson</actor> <actor id="3">Michael Caine</actor> </actors> <foo:singers> <foo:singer id="4">Tom Waits</foo:singer> <foo:singer id="5">B.B. King</foo:singer> <foo:singer id="6">Ray Charles</foo:singer> </foo:singers> </root>
Test these selectors using XPath tester
1. Select the document node
/
2. Select the ‘root’ element
/root
3. Select all ‘actor’ elements that are direct children of the ‘actors’ element.
/root/actors/actor
4. Select all ‘singer’ elements regardless of their positions in the document.
//foo:singer
5. Select the ‘id’ attributes of the ‘singer’ elements regardless of their positions in the document.
//foo:singer/@id
6. Select the textual value of first ‘actor’ element.
//actor[1]/text()
7. Select the last ‘actor’ element.
//actor[last()]
8. Select the first and second ‘actor’ elements using their position.
//actor[position() < 3]
9. Select all ‘actor’ elements that have an ‘id’ attribute.
//actor[@id]
10. Select the ‘actor’ element with the ‘id’ attribute value of ‘3’.
//actor[@id=’3′]
11. Select all ‘actor’ nodes with the ‘id’ attribute value lower or equal to ‘3’.
//actor[@id<=3]
12. Select all the children of the ‘singers’ node.
/root/foo:singers/*
13. Select all the elements in the document.
//*
14. Select all the ‘actor’ elements AND the ‘singer’ elements.
//actor|//foo:singer
15. Select the name of the first element in the document.
name(//*[1])
16. Select the numeric value of the ‘id’ attribute of the first ‘actor’ element.
number(//actor[1]/@id)
17. Select the string representation value of the ‘id’ attribute of the first ‘actor’ element.
string(//actor[1]/@id)
18. Select the length of the first ‘actor’ element’s textual value.
string-length(//actor[1]/text())
19. Select the local name of the first ‘singer’ element, i.e. without the namespace.
local-name(//foo:singer[1])
20. Select the number of ‘singer’ elements.
count(//foo:singer)
21. Select the sum of the ‘id’ attributes of the ‘singer’ elements.
sum(//foo:singer/@id)